两种不同形态MnO2降解卡马西平的效果及途径对比

研究了两种不同形态MnO₂（δ-MnO₂和胶体MnO₂）对难降解有机药物卡马西平（carbamazepine,CBZ）的去除效果,并通过液相色谱质谱联用技术（LC/MS）分析了不同pH值条件下δ-MnO₂和胶体MnO₂氧化转化CBZ的产物,探究其氧化转化途径.结果表明,δ-MnO₂和胶体MnO₂能通过化学氧化作用在2h内去除约1mg/L CBZ,相比之下,胶体MnO₂受pH影响较小且单位质量Mn对CBZ具有更好的去除效果.δ-MnO₂和胶体MnO₂与CBZ反应过程中各检出7种和4种产物.胶体MnO₂具有更强的氧化能力,越过了多种中间产物的产生步骤,使CBZ的降解途径更加简明.     

ANAMMOX富集与优化停曝比对MBR-SNAD工艺的影响

采用膜生物反应器（MBR）研究了厌氧氨氧化细菌在富集过程中的活性变化,在启动全程自养脱氮（CANON）工艺中以恒定曝气量,通过优化停曝比实现氨氧化细菌（AerAOB）和厌氧氨氧化细菌（AnAOB）协同脱氮并且有效抑制亚硝酸盐氧化菌（NOB）的活性,然后添加有机物（乙酸钠）逐步启动同步亚硝化-厌氧氨氧化耦合异养反硝化（SNAD）工艺.结果表明,在厌氧氨氧化细菌富集过程中,通过不断缩短水力停留时间（HRT）提高进水氮负荷的方式强化厌氧氨氧化细菌活性,其平均活性由0.603mgN/（h·gVSS）提高到了8.1mgN/（h·gVSS）;当恒定曝气量为50mL/min,停曝比为4：10（min：min）时,AerAOB和AnAOB对氨氮的去除量分别占总氨氮去除量的58.8%和41.2%,NOB氧化亚硝态氮的量占总硝态氮生成量的15.3%,成功抑制了NOB的活性;当C/N比为0.5,调整停曝比为4：15后,反硝化过程氮去除量占总氮去除率的20.9%,厌氧氨氧化过程氮去除量占总氮去除率的79.1%,实现了AerAOB、AnAOB和反硝化细菌（DNB）协同脱氮的目的.     

Heterogeneous photocatalytic degradation of diuron on zinc oxide: Influence of surface-dependent adsorption on kinetics, degradation pathway, and toxicity of intermediates

Heterogeneous photocatalytic reaction has been generally applied for degradation of toxic contaminants. Degradations of a compound using the same kind of catalyst that was synthesized differently are commonly found in literature. However, the reported degradation intermediates are normally inconsistent. This issue is especially important for the degradation of toxic compounds because intermediates may be more toxic than their parent compounds and understanding the reason is necessary if appropriate catalysts are to be designed. This work systematically compares the photocatalytic degradation of diuron, a toxic recalcitrant herbicide, on two forms of zinc oxide (ZnO), i.e., conventional particles with zinc- and oxygen-terminated polar surfaces as the dominating planes, and nanorods with mixed-terminated nonpolar surfaces. Experimental and theoretical results indicate that both the rate of reaction and the degradation pathway depend on the adsorption configuration of diuron onto the surface. Diuron molecules adsorb in different alignments on the two surfaces, contributing to the formation of different degradation intermediates. Both the aliphatic and aromatic sides of diuron adsorb on the polar surfaces simultaneously, leading to an attack by hydroxyl radicals from both ends. On the other hand, on the mixed-terminated surface, only the aliphatic part adsorbs and is degraded. The exposed surface is therefore the key factor controlling the degradation pathway. For diuron degradation on ZnO, a catalyst confined to mixed-terminated surfaces, i.e., ZnO nanorods, is more desirable, as it avoids the formation of intermediates with potent phytotoxicity and cytogenotoxicity.     

2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin promotes migration ability of primary cultured rat astrocytes via aryl hydrocarbon receptor

Emerging evidence showed that 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) could induce expression of certain reactivation-associated genes in astrocytes, however, the consequent cellular effects and molecular mechanisms are still unclear. During the process of astrocyte reactivation, migration is a critical cellular event. In the present study, we employed wound-healing assay and Transwell® motility assay to explore the effects of TCDD on cell migration in primary cultured rat cortical astrocytes. We found that upon TCDD treatments at relative low concentrations (10^? 10 and/or 10^? 9?mol/L), the ability of primary astrocytes to migrate horizontally and vertically was promoted. In line with this cellular effect, the mRNA expression of two pro-migratory genes, including cell division cycle 42 (CDC42) and matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) was induced by TCDD treatment. Dioxin exerts its toxic effects mainly through aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) pathway. So the role of AhR pathway in the pro-migratory effects of TCDD was examined using an AhR antagonist, CH223191. We found that application of CH223191 significantly reversed the pro-migratory effects of TCDD. Interestingly, the basal ability of horizontal migration as well as basal levels of CDC42 and MMP2 expression were dramatically reduced suggesting a possible physiological role of AhR in maintaining the endogenous migration ability of the primary astrocytes. These findings support the notion that dioxin promotes astrocyte reactivation at molecular and cellular levels.     

基于pH值调控的沉积型微生物燃料电池（SMFC）运行特性

以蓝藻发酵液为处理对象,分别研究两极区pH值对沉积型微生物燃料电池（Sediment Microbial FuelCell,SMFC）运行特性的影响.结果表明,阳极碱性（pH=8.5）阴极酸性（pH=5.5）时,SMFC输出功率最高（83.55 mW·m-2）,COD去除率（63%）仅次于阴、阳极中性（阴、阳极pH值均...     

微酸多年卧孔菌产漆酶条件优化及其在染料脱色中的应用

微酸多年卧孔菌(Perenniporia subacida)产漆酶能力对生物漂白等研究具有重要意义.通过单因子和正交试验确定了微酸多年卧孔菌(菌株号:Dai 8224)的最适产酶条件:麦芽糖20 g/L,酵母浸粉5 g/L,pH 5.4,Cu2+2.0 mmol/L,培养温度24℃,转速160 r/min,接种量1.5%(V/V),此时酶活最高可达1.945 U/mL.单独使用微酸多年卧孔菌漆酶粗酶液对染料具有很好的脱色效果.该菌株对于50 mg/L杂环类染料中性红的脱色率可达98.3%,对偶氮染料刚果红的脱色率次之,为91.57%,对亚甲基蓝和铬天青的脱色率也都在80%以上.此外,其催化中性红脱色的最佳底物浓度为60 mg/L,脱色率达到99.42%,其中,生物降解作用占55.92%,菌体吸附作用占43.5%.结果表明该菌对多种染料脱色具有较大的应用潜力.图4表3参31     

鼠李糖脂-热对污泥厌氧发酵中脱水性能的影响

为了探究鼠李糖脂以及低温热水解预处理污泥厌氧发酵过程对污泥脱水性能的改变,利用毛细吸水时间（CST）表征脱水性能指标,有机物溶出、粒径分布以及三维荧光光谱分析阐明脱水性能变化机制.研究发现在厌氧发酵之前,预处理后污泥脱水性能均会降低;厌氧发酵之后原污泥脱水性能降低,经过热水解的污泥脱水性能改善;粒径分布变化表明粒径减小是预处理污泥脱水性能变差的部分原因,发酵之后粒径增大对于污泥脱水性能改善不明显.溶解性有机物（SCOD）、溶解性碳水化合物（SC）以及溶解性蛋白质（SP）的溶出情况发现粒径的减小是由于预处理手段对污泥的有效破解.三维荧光平行因子分析（PARAFAC）表明,污泥预处理且厌氧发酵前后溶解性有机质（DOM）均包含类腐殖酸C1（386nm/462nm）和C3（342nm/438nm）、酪氨酸类蛋白C2（278nm/306nm）以及色氨酸类蛋白C4（290nm/358nm）.其中,类腐殖酸的增多是热水解污泥脱水性能变差的主要原因,厌氧发酵之后酪氨酸蛋白的积累是原污泥脱水性能变差的原因,类腐殖酸的分解是热水解污泥发酵后改善的原因.     

兼氧条件下厨余垃圾发酵液作碳源的反硝化性能

在兼氧条件下,利用厨余垃圾厌氧发酵液调节反硝化系统的碳氮比（COD/TN,C/N）,并考察了其脱氮性能.结果表明,不同C/N条件下,反应系统均未出现有机物的积累,但高C/N条件下的亚硝酸盐最大积累浓度和积累速率高于低C/N;随着进水C/N的增大,反应整体脱氮率和反硝化速率不断增大,当C/N为13时,反硝化速率达到了最大值,为9.79mg/（gVSS·h）,其脱氮率超过95%;相同C/N条件下,反硝化速率和最大亚硝酸盐积累浓度均与进水硝酸盐浓度成正比.此外,实验结果表明,兼氧条件下的反硝化过程虽不易出现COD残留,但去除单位氮所需的有机物更多,且整体反硝化速率以及亚硝酸盐还原速率均低于厌氧条件.     

Alcaligenes sp.YF11菌对杀灭菊酯的降解机理

测定了降解菌Alcaligenessp.YF11对不同浓度杀灭菊酯的降解及其降解途径。在纯培养系统中,Alcaligenessp.YF11对100mg／L的杀灭菊酯的降解符合零级动力学特征,其降解速率为2．1mg／L·h;50mg／L的杀灭菊酯在24h的降解率为87.5％;10mg／L的杀灭菊酯10h的降解率为71．0％。Alcaligenesso．YF11对杀灭菊酯的降解为矿化作用。     

Photodegradation of Hexafluoropropylene Oxide Trimer Acid under UV Irradiation

As a novel alternative to traditional perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), including perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), hexafluoroproplyene oxide trimer acid (HFPO-TA) has been detected worldwide in surface water. Moreover, recent researches have demonstrated that HFPO-TA has stronger bioaccumulation potential and higher hepatotoxicity than PFOA. To treat these contaminants e.g. PFOA and PFOS, some photochemical techniques by adding exogenous substances had been reported. However, there is still no report for the behavior of HFPO-TA itself under direct UV irradiation. The current study investigated the photo-transformation of HFPO-TA under UV irradiation in aqueous solution. After 72 hr photoreaction, 75% degradation ratio and 25% defluorination ratio were achieved under ambient condition. Reducing active species, i.e., hydrated electrons and active hydrogen atoms, generated from water splitting played dominant roles in degradation of HFPO-TA, which was confirmed by different effects of reaction atmospheres and quenching experiments. A possible degradation pathway was proposed based on the products identification and theoretical calculations. In general, HFPO-TA would be transformed into shorter-chain PFASs, including hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (HFPO-DA), perfluoropropionic acid (PFA) and trifluoroacetate (TFA). This research provides basic information for HFPO-TA photodegradation process and is essential to develop novel remediation techniques for HFPO-TA and other alternatives with similar structures.